In this case, the successive layers of encryption are removed from data packets. Volunteers run exit nodes, which are capable of connecting to the regular, clear internet, which can then be passed back to you along the circuit you’ve established. When the circuit is complete, you can browse the web anonymously. This is the nature of a Tor circuit – a path through the Tor network where each successive relay can only forward data packets and decrypt only those encrypted with its own public key. Nevertheless, the second relay can establish a secure, encrypted connection to the original entry relay, allowing the Tor Browser to send data packets to a third relay, which only it can decrypt. It doesn’t even have any way to determine that the connection has come from an entry node. The second relay has no record of the IP address you used to connect to the original entry node. The data packets sent to the entry node can then be encrypted and forwarded to a second Tor relay, using the second relay’s public key. It then establishes an encrypted connection to this entry node. When the Tor Browser first launches, by default it searches for a list of Tor entry nodes, sometimes known as guard relays, and downloads the public encryption key for one at random. It works by encapsulating and removing various layers of the encryption, much like peeling an onion.

The Tor Browser uses so-called onion routing to keep your location and data safe.

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